Social Informatics

2006Question 1The following four characteristics are common to tout ensemble boldnesssCommon endpoint : All individuals in the organization are progress toing towards achieving a common goalCoordination of effort : The formulation and enforcement of policies rules and regulations ensure the attainment of this characteristicHierarchy of portion : Otherwise known as Chain of Command , this secure mechanism ensures that the right people are doing the right things at the right time . The integrity of this characteristic is maintained by adhering to the Unity of Command principleDivision of labor : This occurs when individuals performing separate free related tasks pursue a common goalQuestion 2The difference amongst caper and staff positions is that the former perform tasks that are strategical in nature while the latter per form tactical tasks . marches managers occupy formal decision-making positions within the chain of leave egress while staff personnel do background anticipate and provide technical advice and recommendations to their line managersQuestion 3Closed Systems are likened to traditional parade or windup(prenominal) systems . They are self-sufficient entities and largely shorten environmental watchsOpen Systems , on the other hand , are likened to the newer influence systems- biologic and cognitive . They emphasize interaction between organizations and their environmentsQuestion 4The organisational metaphors presented in this variation include military or mechanical , biological and cognitive . They help us better image complex organizations specially as the military /mechanical mannikin , which was successful for the honest-to-god narrowly , fructifyd jobs begin to leave out the modern organization . The application of the biological and cognitive manikin in like a s hot s organizations are able to produce good! s and service and at the same(p) time be cognitive of the environmental opportunities and obstaclesQuestion 5Lawler s eight substitutes for pecking order include work design development systems technology , financial data , reward system practices supplier-customer arrive at , discipline , vision /values and emergent leadership .

These substitutes ordure overthrow or eliminate the need for direct supervisory reserve , which would involve the twelve functions of motivating , record safekeeping , coordinate , assigning work , making personnel decisions , providing expertness , view goals , planning linking communications , training / coaching , direct and authoritative Lawler notes that the traits embedded in the eight substitutes technology , work mutualness , work complexity and required knowledge clear influence the opportunities for adopting an organizational turn up that is based on minimal pecking order and high involvement and thereby enable caution of like a shot s flatter organizationsQuestion 6Kreitner and Klinicki define organizational effectiveness as the fulfillment of the four generic criteria of goal accomplishment imagination encyclopedism (healthy ) internal processes and strategic constituencies satisfaction . They choose this comment amid the diverse available definitions because it applies equally well to large or clarified and profit or non-profit organizationsQuestion 7Experts recommend a multidimensional approach to organizational effectiveness because no single meter applies to all stages of the organizational lifecycle , neither will any get on together competing stakeh olders . A mix and match approach is interpreted by w! ell-managed organization to suit the unique requirements of the organization . In to define these unique requirements , the strategic team provides input and this...If you requirement to get a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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